❖ Indian Institute of Science have developed a novel method for the production of recombinant proteins.

❖ This new alternative is a safer process on a common food additive called monosodium glutamate (MSG).

❖ Recombinant proteins, such as vaccine antigens, insulin and monoclonal antibodies, are mass-produced by growing modified bacterial, viral or mammalian cells in large bioreactors.

❖ The most widely used organism is the yeast Pichia pastoris (now called Komagataella phaffii).