❖ The summer of 2024 has officially been declared the hottest on record for the Northern Hemisphere.

❖ The boreal summer months of June, July, and August 2024 surpassed all previous temperature records.

❖ 2024 is on track to overtake 2023 as the warmest year in recorded history.

❖ The record-breaking temperatures have been attributed to a combination of the human-induced climate change and the El Nino weather phenomenon.

❖ El Nino is characterised by warming surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

❖ August 2024 has recorded the second-highest average sea surface temperatures, surpassed only by August 2023.

❖ In Italy, Sicily and Sardinia continue to grapple with a severe drought directly linked to climate change.